However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. Stuart. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. Murphy v. Porter. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. [53] With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. This is a PowerPoint presentation. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They Duncan, Richard Ray. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. Questions? [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. See chart and explanation, p. 550. WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. Suitable for adults and young adults. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the 6306239). The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. This is a PowerPoint lecture. The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) I have been researching The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial WebSeal of Maryland during the war. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. The sirens whistled. [16] President Lincoln also complied with the request to reroute troops to Annapolis, as the political situation in Baltimore remained highly volatile. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. The site was occupied in the middle to late nineteenth century near the present day Maryland Department of Natural Resources Management Area at Benedict. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. 62-65. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. Closed in 1865. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000. [60] Hagerstown too would also suffer a similar fate. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. 1864. In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864, making Maryland the first Union slave state to abolish slavery since the beginning of the war. Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. WebEmerging Civil War Series. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. This reenactment portrays the nurse professions early challenges, its rewards and sadness, and a glimpse of other nurses whose names are known to us through their journals. By the end of the war, 1 in 3 men imprisoned at Florencedied. WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. Civil War Campgrounds Marker Inscription. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. [10] Soldiers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts were transported by rail to Baltimore, where they had to disembark, march through the city, and board another train to continue their journey south to Washington.[11]. It quickly became infamous for its staggering death rate and unfathoomable living conditions due to theCommissary General of Prisoners,Col. William Hoffman. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. Coming Soon!! WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. 69-70. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. Yes No An official form of the United States government. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. WebDuring the turbulent weeks following Baltimores civilian clash with federal troops along Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. Some narration fills in the material and moves events relentlessly to Civil War. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. But the markers, and history, misplace the site. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861).

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